570 
8 

C8 US 
opy 1 



STATE OF UTAH 

COUNCIL OF 

DEFENSE 




Historical— Appointment— Organization 
Work Accomplished 

1917 



STATE OF UTAH 



HISTORICAL. U 

;c'lus 

Profiting by the experience of nations en- 
gaged in this World War, where science, tech- 
nology and engineering play a more important 
role than in earlier conflicts, the Secretary of 
the Navy created the Naval Consulting Board 
of the United States, with Thomas A. Edison 
as Chairman, and two representatives from 
eleven of our national scientific and technical 
societies as members. Five associate members 
of this Board were selected in each state, 
representing five such national technical so- 
cieties (civil, electrical, mechanical and mining 
engineering and chemistry). This organization 
carried out an industrial survey of the nation, 
largely through the aid of thirty thousand 
members of the societies mentioned; studied 
war as an engineering, economic and social 
problem; investigated inventions; standardized 
the construction of aeronautic craft; recom- 
mended that an industrial reserve be created, 
that modern principles of "efficiency" be ap- 
plied to the work of mobilizing the resources 
of the nation for war, that educational orders 
for munitions be placed with manufacturing 
concerns so that they might learn to supply 
government needs quickly and in accordance 
with specifications, and that provision be made 
by Congress for the appointment of a Coun- 
cil of Defense to put into effect these recom- 
mendations. 

By congressional enactment in August, 1916, 
a Council of National Defense was created 
with the following members: 

Secretary Baker (War), Secretary Dan- 
iels (Navy), Secretary Houston (Agriculture), 
Secretary Lane (Interior), Secretary Redfield 
(Commerce), and Secretary Wilson Labor). 

An Advisory Commission of seven civilian 
members was appointed to assist in the work 
of mobilizing the Nation for war. Each mem- 

AUG 20 131^ 



.^ 



COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



ber of this Commission must "have special 
knowledge of some industry, public utility, or 
the development of some natural resource, or 
be otherwise especially qualified." The mem- 
bers are Daniel Willard, President of the Bal- 
timore and Ohio Railroad, Chairman of the 
Committee on Communication and Transporta- 
tion; Samuel Gompers, President of the Amer- 
ican Federation of Labor, Chairman of the 
Committee on Labor; Howard E. Coffin, Vice- 
President of the Hudson Motor Company, 
Chairman of the Committee on Munitions and 
Manufactures; Julius Rosenwald, President 
Sears, Roebuck and Company, Chairman of 
the Committee on Supplies; Bernard M. Ba- 
ruch, an expert in commerce and finance, 
Chairman of the Committee on Raw Materials; 
Dr. Franklin Martin, representing the medi- 
cal fraternity, Chairman of the Committee on 
Medicine and Sanitation; and Dr. Hollis God- 
frey, President of Drexel Institute, Chairman 
of the Committee on Science, Research and 
Engineering. 

The duties of the Council of National De- 
fense and its advisory Commission have been 
expressed by our President thus: "The Council 
of National Defense has been created because 
Congress has realized that the country is best 
prepared for war when thoroughly prepared 
for peace. From an economic point of view 
there is very little difference between the ma- 
chinery required for economical efficiency and 
that required for military purposes. The 
Council is organized for the creation of rela- 
tions which will render possible in time of need 
the immediate concentration and utilization of 
the resources of the Nation." 



APPOINTMENT. 



In accordance with a recommendation made 
by the Secretary of War, acting for the Coun- 
cil of National Defense, Governor Simon Bam- 
berger of Utah appointed the following per- 

3 



STATE OF UTAH 



sons as members of a State Council of Defense: 

Armstrong, W. W., National Copper Bank, 
Salt Lake. 

Bamberger, Clarence, 163 South Main St., 
Salt Lake. 

Collett, R. S., Roosevelt. 

Cutler, Thos. R., Vermont Bldg., Salt Lake. 

Ebaugh, W. C, 809 Kearns Bldg., Salt Lake. 

Farnsworth, L. H., Walker Bros., Bankers, 
Salt Lake. 

Glass, Rt. Rev. J. S., Cathedral Residence 
Salt Lake. 

Grant, Heber J., 22 South Main St.. Salt 
Lake. 

Groesbeck, C. E., Ut. P. & Lt. Co., Salt Lake. 

Joyce, Dr. R. S., Ogden. 

Jensen, J. Y., Ephraim. 

Lamont, J. H., 415 10th East St., Salt Lake. 

Lawry, G. V., Bd. of Fire Underwriters of 
the Pacific, Salt Lake. 

Leary, W. H., Newhouse Bldg., Salt Lake. 

Moran, P. J., Felt Bldg., Salt Lake. 

McKay, A. N., Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake. 

Nibley, C. W., Bishops Bldg., Salt Lake. 

Odell, Geo. T., Con. Wagon & Mach. Co., Salt 
Lake. 

Orem, W. C, Electric Ry. Bldg., Salt Lake. 

Peterson, Dr. E. G., Agricultural College, 
Logan. 

Redman, B. F., 160 South Main St., Salt 
Lake. 

Richards, C. C, Ogden. 

Richmond, F. C, 117 W. 2nd South St., Salt 
Lake. 

Siegel, B. U., 230 South Main St., Salt Lake. 

Stewart, C. B., 806 Mclntyre Bldg., Salt 
Lake. 

Taylor, T. N., Provo. 

Wallace, W. R., 67 West 1st South St., Salt 
Lake. 

Widtsoe, Dr. J. A., University of Utah, Salt 
Lake. 

Williams, Maj. W^ G., State Capitol, Salt 
Lake. 

Young, Maj. R. W., Templeton Bldg., Salt 
Lake. 



COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



ORGANIZATION 



Organization was effected - April 26th, 1917, 
and the following officers and committees were 
subsequently chosen: 

Governor Simon Bamberger. 

L. H. Farnsworth, Chairman. 

R. W. Young, Vice-Chairman. 

C. C. Richards, Vice-Chairman. 

T. N. Taylor, Vice-Chairman. 

W. C. Ebaugh, Secretary. ■ 

J. Edward Taylor, Assistant Secretary. 

COMMITTEES. 



Finance — Clarence Bamberger, Chairman; 
W. W. Armstrong, W. R. Wallace, Heber J. 
Grant, W. C. Orem. 

Publicity — A. N. McKay, Chairman; W. H. 
Leary, W. R. Wallace. 

Legal — C. C. Richards, Chairman; Richard 
W. Young. 

Co-ordination of Socities — Geo T. Odell, 
Chairman; Ben U. Siegel. E. G. Peterson. 

Sanitation and Medicine — Dr. R. S. Joyce. 

Food Supply and Conservation — E. G. Peter- 
son, Chairman; T. N. Taylor C. B. Stewart, 
J. A. Widtsoe, B. U. Siegel, Geo. T. Odell, B. F. 
Redman, W. R. Wallace. 

Industrial Survey — W. C. Ebaugh, Chair- 
man; T. R. Cutler, C. W. Nibley. 

Labor — P. J. Moran, Chairman; T. R. Cut- 
ler, J. H. Lamont, C. E. Groesbeck. 

Military Affairs — Major W. G. Williams, 
Chairman; Richard W. Yourig, W. H. Leary. 

State Protection — F. C. Richmond, Chair- 
man; B. F. Redman, W. G. Williams, R. S. Col- 
lett. 



STATE OF UTAH 



Transportation — C. E. Groesbeck, Chairman; 
W. C. Orem, C. W. Nibley. 

Local Councils of Defense — W. W. Arm- 
strong, Chairman; Rt. Rev. J. S. Glass, T. N. 
Taylor. 

Survey of Man Power — C. B. Stewart, Chair- 
man; G. V. Lawry, J. Y. Jenson. 

Organization — C. C. Richards, Chairman; 
R. W. Young, W. G. Williams, J. A. Widtsoe, 
J. H. Lament. 

Seeds — E. G. Peterson, Chairman; B. F. Red- 
man, Ben U. Siegel, W. R. Wallace. 

United States Boys* Working Reserve — 

J. Edward Taylor, Director for Utah; Dr. E. G. 
Gowans, J. Challen Smith, Oscar A. Kirkham, 
Homer L. Hoisington, J. C. Hogenson. 

Recruiting Commission — D. A. Callahan, E. B. 
Critchlow, A. E. Eberhardt, J. W. Ensign, 
A. W. Ivins, David A. Smith, John G. M. 
Barnes, Henry H. Blood, J. H. Robinson, Jos. 
E. Ellison, Jos. E. Williams, Starns Hatch. 

War Work Council of Y. M. C. A.— C. A. 

Quigley, Chairman; P. A. Simpkin, Ernest 
Bamberger, H. W. Sturges, D. A. Smith, Ab- 
bot McGinnis, L. C. Miller, F. B. Cook. 

Research and Invention — Guy Sterling, 
Chairman; 0. C. Ralston, Frank L. West, Wil- 
liam D. Bonner, 

In addition to the above, the whole state or- 
ganization of the Extension Division, Agricul- 
tural College of Utah, was placed at the serv- 
ice of this Council, and county, municipal, so- 
cial, church and commercial organizations of 
all kinds co-operate in the work required. 
Special committees made up of persons nom- 
inated by the Council assist whenever needed. 
Much of the work must necessarily be done 
through such committees. 

6 



COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Meetings of the Council are held in the 
Board Room, adjoining the Governor's Office, 
and headquarters are located in Rooms 317- 
819-321, State Capitol. The Assistant Secre- 
tary and necessary office force are on duty 
during usual business hours, and conferences 
of the Chairman, Secretary and Assistant Sec- 
retary are held almost daily at headquarters. 

The Council of Defense in Utah was ap- 
pointed a month after the state legislature ad- 
journed. It is, therefore, an advisory body, 
non-partisan in its make-up, acting with and 
for the Governor and other state officials, and 
derives its authority from the extraordinary 
powers vested in the Governor during times 
of war and strife. Money used by the Council 
in furthering its work has been obtained 
through the State Board of Loan Commission- 
ers. It is expected that practically all of the^ 
funds will be returned in due time because of 
payments made on crop mortgages held by^ 
the Council, etc. 

In Salt Lake City and Ogden vigorous local 
Councils of Defense are at work. Throughout 
the remaining portion of the state, where pop- 
ulation is less dense and the necessity for lo- 
cal councils less pressing, the county organiza- 
tions of the Agricultural College's Extension 
Division, with paid representatives devoting all 
or part of their time to this work, have been 
adopted bodily as the means for putting into 
effect the Council's plans. The sparsely set- 
tled counties can probably be reached better 
by this means than through the creation of 
new local councils of defense. Of course, lo- 
cal organizations are recognized and utilized 
as thoroughly as possible. Duplication of ef- 
fort is studiously avoided. 

It is perhaps needless to add that no mem- 
ber of the Council receives any pecuniary re- 
muneration for the time and effort devoted to 
its work. All service is purely voluntary, and 
is rendered as a patriotic duty and privilege. 

7 



STATE OF UTAH 



WORK ACCOMPLISHED 



The Committee on Finance paid out $30,- 
965.00, for use of the Seed Committee, and has 
received back on this account $14,228.00; pro- 
vided funds for the purchase of badges used 
for young men signing cards on Registration 
Day, June 5th, 1917; arranged through the 
Seed Committee for financing the Mosida proj- 
ect; and — probably most important of all — 
carried on a campaign for floating the Liberty 
Loan, resulting in subscriptions of $9,500,000.00, 
whereas Utah had been allotted $6,500,000.00 
as its share. In its work it has been assisted 
greatly by Commercial Clubs, Rotary Clubs, 
fraternal organizations, women's clubs, edu- 
cational associations and many other kinds of 
business and social organizations. 

The Committee on Publicity has done a great 
work through co-operation with the public 
press of the state, especially along the lines of 
food supply and conservation, stimulating Lib- 
erty Loan, Red Cross and National War Work 
Council subscriptions, energizing recruiting for 
the army, navy, marine corps and national 
guard, advocating Boys' Working Reserve, and 
bringing attention forcefully to the great out- 
standing — but often unappreciated — fact that 
our nation is now actually at war against the 
greatest military powers in the world, and that 
we as citizens of the United States and of Utah 
must sacrifice time, money, flesh and blood in 
the service of our common cause. 

The Legal Committee has been called upon 
for reports and opinions concerning the legal 
status and powers of this Council, the legality 
of importing alien laborers from foreign coun- 
tries for use in agricultural and other indus- 
tries, the advisability of urging congressional 
representatives to support the daylight sav- 
ing bill as a war measure, etc. 

8 



COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



The Committees on Coordination of Societies, 
local Councils of Defense and Survey of Man 
Power have had but little to do thus far, mat- 
ters that normally would have been referred 
to them having adjusted themselves automati- 
cally. 

The Committee on Sanitation and Medicine 
has enrolled above seventy-five physicians and 
surgeons for war service, has furnished a full 
report to the Surgeon General upon hospitals 
of the state, and has investigated the means 
employed in Europe for restoring cripples to 
their full usefulness. 

The Committee on Food Supply and Con- 
servation and its sub-committee on Seeds, co- 
operate with the Extension Division of the Ag- 
ricultural College, the U. S. Department of 
Agriculture and local bodies to accomplish its 
ends. Seeds of a value in excess of $31,000.00 
were purchased and resold to farmers and 
others for cash or upon notes secured by crop 
mortgages. A large irrigation project was 
helped out of its financial difficulties and en- 
abled to secure power for pumping water to 
irrigate about 4,000 acres that would not have 
been cultivated otherwise. Campaigns have 
been conducted for producing more food stuffs, 
for cultivating home gardens and city lots, for 
preserving and drying fruit and vegetables, 
for inculcating habits of economy in the use of 
food, for cooperative effort in marketing 
crops, for saving female animals for breeding 
purposes and preventing their slaughter, for 
securing financial accommodations for farm- 
ers and stock growers from banks, for insur- 
ing an adequate supply of cans, jars, bags, 
crates, boxes and other containers necessary to 
save and market the exceptionally large crops 
expected this year, for stopping the practice 
of returning stale bread to bakeries, etc. 

The purchase of a carload of pressure cook- 
ers, for use in food preserving by modern 
methods, was brought about, and the sale of 
250 such cookers to demonstrators, organiza- 
tions and local canning centers, was guaran- 
teed. 

9 



STATE OF UTAH 



The Committee on Industrial Survey is in 
possession of records concerning the industrial 
possibilities of Utah, both as to raw materials 
and manufacturing facilities, and can supple- 
ment the inventories collected by its predeces- 
sor in this work — State Directors for Utah, 
Naval Consulting Board — with more recent in- 
formation. 

The Committee on Labor co-operated with 
the State Commissioner of Labor in establish- 
ing a state employment bureau to act as a 
clearing house for the labor market, distribut- 
ing men where they were most needed, finding 
men for the job and a job for the men. 

The Committee on Military Affairs, ably as- 
sisted by a Recruiting Commission appointed 
from non-members of this Council, has had 
charge of bringing the National Guard up to- 
full strength — a task accomplished splendidly — 
and of assisting in recruiting for the army, 
navy and marine corps. The record made by 
Utah in supplying men for all these branches 
of the service is one in which every citizen of 
the state may well take pride. To this Com- 
mittee was also assigned the problem of home 
defense, a relatively simple matter in view of 
the fact that Utah possesses no large alien 
population, and that a brigade post of the 
United States Army is located at Salt Lake 
City, and some thousands of regulars and re- 
cruits will always be stationed there. 

The Committee on State Protection has 
worked quietly with city, county and local au- 
thorities to insure adequate protection for per- 
sons and property. 

The Committee on Transportation has de- 
voted attention particularly to the coal prob- 
lem, and has pointed out the dire necessity for 
storing coal for winter use, for stimulating pro- 
duction and assuring transportation and fori 
helping out the government indirectly by ship- 1 
ping more Utah coal to California, thus releas-l 
ing crude oil for use of the Navy. It warns the 

10 



i 



COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



people of Utah that the outlook for an ade- 
quate coal supply for next winter is very 
discouraging. 

The Committee on Organization fonnu- 
lated the plan adopted by the Council for its 
government. 

The committee on United States Boys' Work- 
ing Reserve has enrolled boys of suitable age 
for work in beet fields, canning factories, fruit- 
picking and packing, etc. Such boys live in 
camps, under competent supervision, and every 
precaution is taken for their physical and 
moral welfare, and to guarantee proper work- 
ing conditions and just payment. Hundreds 
of boys are thus provided with work, hun- 
dreds of men are released for other tasks more 
suitable to them, and many thousand of dol- 
lars worth of farm products have been added 
to Utah's store. 

The Committee on War Work Council of the 
Young Men's Christian Association, under the 
patronage of the Council, secured Utah's 
quota— $10,000.00— of the $3,000,000.00 fund 
raised throughout the country for carrying on 
the splendid work of safeguarding our soldiers' 
and sailors' welfare. At Fort Douglas head- 
quarters and an adequate force of trained as- 
sistants have been provided by the War Work 
Council, at a cost of $12,000. Wherever our 
boys may be sent, here or abroad, they will 
have the benefit of this service. 

The Committee on Research and Invention 
recently appointed will have jurisdiction over 
investigations of a scientific, engineering or 
economic nature that may be assigned to it 
by the Council of National Defense, this Coun- 
cil, or various state departments. Persons with 
special aptitude for a given problem will be 
asked to devote all or a part of their time to 
it, and the resources of state and local insti- 
tutions, schools, laboratories, shops and works 
will be drawn upon as necessity may require. 

11 



LIUKHKY Ul- ^UNUKbbb 



STA 




Among other a< 020 933 479 3 

be mentioned its ciiuitij lu cAocma mc x 
Reserve banking system; to support the Red 
Cross work; to assure proper surroundings for 
our soldiers; to afford persons with inventions 
or ideas that may be of service to the army, 
navy, or other branches of the government a 
ready means for having them considered by 
proper authorities; to assist in the work of 
Registration Day; to nominate members of the 
Exemption Boards; to accelerate the mobiliza- 
tion of troops and actual entrance of our men 
into the war-torn lands along the western bat- 
tle front; to secure a modification of conditions 
under which alien unskilled laborers might be 
admitted from Canada and Mexico; to prevent 
hoarding of food stuffs, to obtain definite data 
concerning the storage and control of food 
stuffs, areas under cultivation and probable 
crop yields in Utah during 1917, etc. 

This brief account of the organization and 
work of Utah's Council of Defense is issued in 
the hope that it may bring to the people of 
our state a realization of the magnitude of the 
task confronting them in putting our resources 
— both men and material — where they can do 
the most good for the cause in which we have 
enlisted; that they may have authoritative in- 
formation concerning the activities of their 
Council; and that they and the various officials 
chosen by them may utilize more fully the 
means here provided for correlating the de- 
fense work of the Nation, State and Commun- 
ity, and obtaining greater efficiency in our 
combined efforts for the common weal. 

Respectfully submitted, 

W. C. EBAUGH, Secretary. 

State Capitol 

Salt Lake City, Utah 

July 10, 1917. 

12 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

020 933 479 3 



